Sliding Mode Control – a SAG Mill application The Semi-Autogenous Grinding (SAG) mill plays a critical role in the comminution stage of mineral processing, where its primary function is to reduce large ore chunks into finer particles for further downstream processing. However, the inherent nonlinear dynamics, frequent disturbances (e.g., variations in ore hardness), and uncertainties […]

Autoclave Control – a regulatory approach This study focuses on the application of PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control in autoclave operations, particularly to address the challenges associated with maintaining optimal process conditions such as temperature and pressure. Autoclaves are critical in various industrial processes, including mineral processing and chemical production, where precise control of conditions is necessary […]

Adaptive Control of Ball Mill Grinding Circuits Efficient control of grinding circuits in mineral processing is essential to optimize throughput, energy consumption, and product quality. This paper proposes an adaptive control strategy for a ball mill and hydrocyclone circuit, with pump speed and process water as manipulated variables. The approach dynamically adjusts process parameters such […]

Crude Oil Distillation Column Crude oil distillation columns are essential for separating hydrocarbons into products with distinct boiling points, forming the backbone of petroleum refining processes. However, control of these columns is challenging due to nonlinearity, multi-component interactions, and disturbances in feed composition and flow rates. This study presents a high-fidelity model of a crude […]

Reduction Cell This paper introduces a model-based control strategy for optimizing the performance of a reduction cell in aluminum production, specifically through the management of energy and mass balances. The developed model includes energy transfer equations that capture the interactions between the bath, metal, and cell lining, as well as a detailed mass balance for […]